The SS Great Britain (often referred to as Brunel’s SS Great Britain) played a crucial role in the mid-19th century as a vital conduit for the global, two-way migration of plants between Britain and Australia. As the fastest and most reliable steamship on the Australian route between 1859 and 1875, it allowed plant collectors, nurserymen, and botanists to transport delicate, living, and often rare specimens, increasing their survival rate significantly compared to earlier sailing ships.
Role in Horticultural Transportation
The "Floating Greenhouse" (Wardian Cases): The ship facilitated the transport of plants by allowing them to be kept on the deck in "Wardian cases"—early, sealed glass-and-timber terrariums that protected plants from salt spray and required minimal watering during the 6–9 week journey.
Inbound Cargo (Australia to UK): The SS Great Britain imported vast numbers of Australian ferns and tree ferns during the height of Victorian "fern fever" (Pteridomania), as well as rare orchids, which were highly prized by collectors and could sell for up to £300 (roughly £25,000 today).
Outbound Cargo (UK to Australia): The ship took European species, including roses, rhododendrons, and invasive agricultural plants, to Australia, helping colonists recreate the British landscape and establish new gardens.
Supporting Botanists: The ship was used by influential commercial nurserymen, such as Thomas Lang, who used it to transport precious, high-value plant cargo.
Historical Significance
The SS Great Britain acted as a bridge for biodiversity, enabling the exchange of plants that are now common in British gardens or considered invasive in Australia. It is also thought to have transported Australian orchids to England that supported Charles Darwin's theories on evolution.