The most economically important conifers in the UK are dominated by non-native species, with
Sitka spruce being by far the most significant, accounting for roughly 50% of all timber produced and over 20% of the total forest cover in Britain. While native species are present, the commercial forestry sector relies heavily on fast-growing species introduced from North America and Europe to meet timber demand.
Here are the most economically important conifers in the UK:
Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis): The "backbone" of the UK forestry industry, favored for its rapid growth, high yield, and ability to thrive in poor, wet, and exposed upland sites.
Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris): The only native conifer of significant economic value, particularly in Scotland. It is the second most abundant timber species, valued for its strength and versatility.
Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii): A key, fast-growing species that produces high-quality, strong timber with few knots.
Larches (Hybrid, European, and Japanese - Larix spp.): Valued for their durable timber, which is often used for exterior purposes. Hybrid larch is particularly noted for its fast growth.
Norway Spruce (Picea abies): Widely planted for timber and, because of its dense, scented foliage, is also a major species for Christmas tree production.
Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra): An important, fast-growing pine with straight trunks, often used in the south and east of the UK.
Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata): Gaining importance for its highly durable, rot-resistant timber and as a productive alternative to spruce.
Key Factors
Commercial Dominance: The top nine conifers (including the above) make up almost all commercial forestry in the UK.
Rapid Production: Conifers are preferred because they produce an economic yield up to six times faster than broadleaf trees.
Shift in Strategy: Due to the high reliance on a single species (Sitka spruce) and the risks of climate change, foresters are increasingly diversifying with other species like Grand fir (Abies grandis) and Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla).